영어번역사자격증 TCT1급2교시[사회과학]기출문제3

영어번역사자격증 TCT1급2교시[사회과학]기출문제3

 

영어번역사 TCT 1급 2교시 [사회과학] 기출문제3

 

※ 다음 3문제 중 1문제를 선택하여 한국어로 번역하시오. [50점]

[문제 3]
It seems to me that the most important fact about society is that it is composed of
individuals, is completely determined by them, and is completely describable in terms
of their activities. There is nothing else―no state or other sort of super-thing, as is
often assumed, particularly by those with a metaphysical bias in their thinking. For,
given a detailed description of the activities of all the individuals in a society, then one
has the material from which one may deduce everything that can be said about the
society. This proposition is often not understood. For one thing, it is sometimes felt
that the converse proposition ought to hold, and the converse proposition obviously
does not hold. Because if one is given everything that can be said about a society as
society, one is not thereby in a position to say everything that can be said about the
component individuals. "Society" is a word that applies only to certain aspects of an
aggregate of individuals. The proposition is also often misunderstood because it is
taken to imply that an individual in society displays no traits except those that could
have been inferred from his behavior in an environment in which there were no other
individuals. This, I believe, is a mistake. But the proposition that a society is the total
of its individual components has nothing to do with the proposition that in a society the
individual displays properties that could not have been inferred from his behavior in a
nonsocial environment. The individual is determined by his total environment, and
social environment counts just as much and possibly more than the impersonal
environment of "nature." In fact, acceptance of the proposition is by no means
inconsistent with the recognition, upon which modern psychologists so delight to
insist, that the most important factors in shaping the personality of the individual today
are social in origin. Insistence on the value of the individual seems to satisfy some
deep instinctive demand in the genius of our people and our tradition, and as such we
may be grateful for it. But the current philosophical arguments by which we seek to
justify the value which we thus place on the individual seem to me not sound, for they
often rest on a metaphysical basis or such religious considerations as that all human
souls were created by God and are of equal in His sight.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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